Inventors then sought methods that could send more than four some, including Bell and his great rival Elisha Gray, developed designs capable of subdividing a telegraph line into 10 or more channels. Edison’s work culminated in the quadruplex, a system for sending four simultaneous telegraph messages over a single wire. Western Union Telegraph Company, the dominant firm in the industry, acquired the rights to Stearns’s duplex and hired the noted inventor Thomas Edison to devise as many multiple-transmission methods as possible in order to block competitors from using them. In 1868 Joseph Stearns had invented the duplex, a system that transmitted two messages simultaneously over a single wire. While pursuing his teaching profession, Bell also began researching methods to transmit several telegraph messages simultaneously over a single wire-a major focus of telegraph innovation at the time and one that ultimately led to Bell’s invention of the telephone. They had four children, Elsie (1878–1964), Marian (1880–1962), and two sons who died in infancy. Despite a 10-year age difference, they fell in love and were married on July 11, 1877. Bell began working with her in 1873, when she was 15 years old. Mabel had become deaf at age five as a result of a near-fatal bout of scarlet fever. One of Bell’s students was Mabel Hubbard, daughter of Gardiner Greene Hubbard, a founder of the Clarke School. He also taught at the Clarke School for the Deaf in Northampton, Massachusetts, and at the American School for the Deaf in Hartford, Connecticut. The family settled in Brantford, Ontario, but in April 1871 Alexander moved to Boston, where he taught at the Boston School for Deaf Mutes. However, he did not complete his studies, because in 1870 the Bell family moved again, this time immigrating to Canada after the deaths of Bell’s younger brother Edward in 1867 and older brother Melville in 1870, both of tuberculosis. Alexander passed the entrance examinations for University College London in June 1868 and matriculated there in the autumn. At age 11 he entered the Royal High School at Edinburgh, but he did not enjoy the compulsory curriculum, and he left school at age 15 without graduating. His mother was almost deaf, and his father taught elocution to the deaf, influencing Alexander’s later career choice as teacher of the deaf. Learn how Alexander Graham Bell went to revolutionize telegraphy but instead invented the telephone See all videos for this articleĪlexander Graham Bell, (born March 3, 1847, Edinburgh, Scotland-died August 2, 1922, Beinn Bhreagh, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada), Scottish-born American inventor, scientist, and teacher of the deaf whose foremost accomplishments were the invention of the telephone (1876) and the refinement of the phonograph (1886).Īlexander (“Graham” was not added until he was 11) was born to Alexander Melville Bell and Eliza Grace Symonds.
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